Consequentialism

 

PHILOSOPHY - Ethics: Consequentialism 

by Wireless Philosophy

The above video provides an introduction to Consequentialism.  The most well known type of consequentialism is utilitarianism.

Utilitarianism

Utilitarianism: Crash Course Philosophy #36

by CrashCourse

A longer video of Utilitarianism by Professor Jeffrey Kaplan can be found here. 

Some questions for discussion

1. What are the different types of consequentialism?
2. What are some of the advantages of consequentialism as an ethical theory?
3. What are some of the criticisms of consequentialism and their responses? 
4. What is the principle of utility according to Jeremy Bentham?

Some questions from Bing Copilot

Consequentialism is a fascinating ethical theory that evaluates the morality of actions based on their outcomes. Here are some thought-provoking questions you might consider:

1. What is the core principle of consequentialism?
2. How does consequentialism differ from deontological ethics and virtue ethics?
3. What are some real-world examples where consequentialist reasoning is applied?
4. What are the main criticisms of consequentialism?
5. How does utilitarianism, a form of consequentialism, determine the morality of an action?
6. Can consequentialism justify actions that are generally considered immoral if they lead to a greater good?
7. How do consequentialists handle situations where the outcomes are uncertain or unpredictable?
8. What role does the concept of “the greatest good for the greatest number” play in consequentialist ethics?
9. How do different forms of consequentialism (e.g., act vs. rule consequentialism) approach ethical decision-making?
10. What are the potential limitations of using a consequentialist framework in complex moral dilemmas?

These questions can help you delve deeper into the nuances and complexities of consequentialist ethics¹²³. 

References:

1. ethicsunwrapped.utexas.edu
2. ethics.org.au
3. oxfordbibliographies.com

Possible answers

Please find possible answers here.

Introduction to ethics

Please find a PDF printout of the above diagram here.

The following article from Wikipedia provides an Introduction to Ethics.

Some discussion questions on ethics

1. Do you have an ethical system that you use in making ethical or moral decisions?
2. Do you find the Wikipedia article on Ethics adequately describes the field of ethics?
3. What are some ethical questions or dilemmas you have encountered?
4. Do you think the study of ethics will help you make better ethical decisions?

Some possible answers to the above questions can be found here.

Here are some thought-provoking discussion questions on ethics from Bing co-pilot:

1. Is it ever okay to lie? If so, when and why?
2. Do you believe that everyone should have equal rights? Why or why not?
3. If you discovered that a popular product you use daily was produced unethically (e.g., using child labour or harming the environment), would you continue to use it? Why or why not?
4. Is it ethical to use animals for testing products or scientific research?
5. Should companies be allowed to patent life-saving medications, potentially limiting access to those who cannot afford them? Why or why not?
6. Should we always help someone in need, even if it puts us at risk?
7. Is it ethical to prioritise the education of gifted students over those with learning difficulties or disabilities?

These questions can help spark deep and meaningful conversations about various ethical dilemmas and perspectives¹². Do any of these questions resonate with you or seem particularly interesting?

Source: Conversation with Copilot, 27/08/2024

(1) 40 Ethical Conversation Questions for Engaging Discussion. https://eslconversationtopics.com/questions/ethical-discussions/.

(2) 28 Top Moral Dilemma Questions [+ Scenarios & Examples] - IcebreakerIdeas. https://icebreakerideas.com/moral-dilemma-questions/.

(3) Discussion Questions and Exercises | Online Resources. https://edge.sagepub.com/northouse8e/student-resources-0/chapter-13/discussion-questions-and-exercises.

(4) 200 Ethical Topics & Questions to Debate in Essay - GradesFixer. https://gradesfixer.com/blog/200-ethical-topics-questions-to-debate-in-essay/.

(5) ESL Conversation Questions - Ethics. https://www.eslconversationquestions.com/ethics/.

Apology of Socrates - summary and analysis

 

"The Trial of Socrates (Plato's Apology)" by Nothing New

Summary of the Apology

The video above gives a summary of Plato's dialogue, Apology.

Analysis

The following are videos from Associate Professor Anadale:

https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLPCGA67J8M2K4ewEQO0sB2B4O4HDxNQyx&si=yi0nz69_uV2W2c31

The following are videos from Dr Gregory B. Sadler:

https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLAsFBvw8jjvbB0IgF6FBMYr-W1lq509Lq&si=otK10I1frV93gp2J

Some questions

To be added.

Phaedo

 

Phaedo by PLATO read by Bob Neufeld | Full Audio Book - by LibriVox Audiobooks

Full text translation

• Translation by Benjamin Jowett

Relevant web pages 

• Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy - Plato: Phaedo - https://iep.utm.edu/phaedo/
• Wikipedia - Phaedo - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phaedo

Some questions for discussion

To be added.

Crito

 "Crito by Plato Audiobook with Text, Illustrations"- by Audiobooks Dimension

Full text translation

• Translation by Benjamin Jowett
  

Relevant web pages 

• Wikipedia - Crito - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crito

Some questions for discussion

To be added.

The Apology of Socrates

 

"The Apology of Socrates by Plato Full Audiobook with Text, Illustrations"
- by Audiobooks Dimension

Full text translation

• Translation by Benjamin Jowett
  

Relevant web pages 

• Wikipedia - Apology (Plato) - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apology_(Plato)
  

Some questions for discussion

To be added.

Euthyphro

 
"Euthyphro by Plato Audiobook with Text, Illustrations" - by Audiobooks Dimension

Full text translation

• Translation by Benjamin Jowett (white background)

Summary of definitions of piety

• https://drive.google.com/file/d/1eXVo8ikeR10a1CsrVeey4230fFaceUIM/view?usp=sharing

The Euthyphro Dilemma

The Euthyphro dilemma is found on page 7 in the following text of the Euthyphro:

 https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Jvp8YMWYmhAhGzRVbObxLfFI7mJDgLeT/view?usp=sharing

The Euthyphro Dilemma and Devine Command Theory

The Euthyphro Dilemma: Religion and Morality (Divine Command Theory
by teachphilosophy

Please find more discussion on the Euthyphro Dilemma and the Divine Command Theory in this article in the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.

Some questions for discussion

1. When was the dialogue written? Was it written soon after Socrates' trial?
2. Do you think the dialogue is fictional?
3. What are the main philosophical concepts being explored?
4. What rhetorical devices are demonstrated in the dialogue?
5. What is the Euthyphro dilemma?
6. When did Plato write the early, middle and late dialogues?
7. Does natural law theory solve the problem presented by the Euthyphro Dilemma?
8. What might Socrates and Euthyphro represent in terms of our self reflection?
9. What might piety mean in our lives today, and will we be able to answer Socrates' question?
10. Given the Euthyphro Dilemma and other challenges to the Divine Command Theory, do you think the theory is still a reasonable theory for one to adopt?

Please see possible answers here.

Relevant web pages 

• Wikipedia - Euthyphro - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euthyphro