Monday 10 June 2024

Critical Thinking Exercises

 

Some critical thinking exercises are available on the following:

Philosophy Department, University of Hong Kong

Critical Thinking Web

Module: Critical Thinking

    • [C06] The Cognitive Reflective Test

Module: Meaning Analysis

    • [M03] Evaluating definitions
    • [M04] Examples
    • [M06] Necessity and sufficiency
    • [M08] Obscurity

Module: Argument Analysis

    • [A01] What is an argument?
    • [A02] The standard format
    • [A03] Validity
    • [A04] Soundness
    • [A05] Valid patterns
    • [A06] Validity and relevance
    • [A07] Hidden Assumptions
    • [A09] Good Arguments
    • [A10] Argument mapping
    • [A11] Analogical Arguments

More on the Schrodinger's Cat

 
World's Heaviest Schrödinger's Cat: Quantum Crystal Visible To The Naked Eye
from New SciTech 新科技

World Heaviest Schrodinger's Cat: Quantum Crystal

Michael mentioned about this experiment in last Wednesday's class (5/6/24).  The YouTube video above and the article in Scientific America below give brief explanations of the experiment involving putting a sapphire crystal into superposition.

Scientific America - Physicists Create Biggest-Ever Schrödinger’s Cat

Extend the time of the experiment?

Ken asked an interesting question in class last Wednesday (5/6/24).  "What if we extend the time for the cat to be in the box to one month?" Ken asked.

The following answers are my speculation of how physicists might respond:

1.  Schrodinger designed the thought experiment so that in the course of an hour one of the atoms will perhaps decay, but also, with equal probability, that none of them will.  Thus in the course of an hour, the cat will with equal probability either be dead or be alive.  There is genuine uncertainty in the minds of the researchers about whether the cat is alive or dead.  If the time were to be extended to one month, this would void the experiment. 

2. We need to assume that the cat can happily stay in the box for one month, since starving the cat to death in the box is not the point of this thought experiment.  Then whether the cat is dead or alive still depends entirely on the possible decay of the tiny amount of radioactive material in the box  (refer Wikipedia page on Schrodinger's Cat for details of the thought experiment.).  It is possible then that the cat could still be alive after one month in the box if for some reasons the tiny amount of radioactive material did not decay as expected, or the equipment did not work as expected.  Therefore, even if the time is extended to one month, one can still argue that the cat is both dead and alive in the box until the box is opened by the researchers.

3. The thought experiment, as intended by Schrodinger, was to last for only one hour. If the experiment were to be extended to one month, the probability of the cat being dead can be represented by a graph that approaches one after certain time.  Physicists might interpret the meaning of this probability graph as follows:

    • The cat, being a relatively large physical object, cannot be in superposition of being both dead and alive; or
    • the cat is actually in superposition of being both dead and alive and remains so until the box is opened (as discussed in (2) above); or
    • the cat is actually in superposition during the initial stage of the experiment when there is genuine uncertainty, but the superposition disappears when it becomes certain that the cat is dead. 

Monday 3 June 2024

Smell the glove is here

 

This topic was proposed by Maggie for our End of the Financial Year discussion.  Please see the article below:

"Smell the glove is here" by Bob Horning

Some supplementary information:

  • Bob Horning is a writer, mostly about technology; former New Inquiry, Real Life editor.
  • "Smell the glove" is a fictional album of the band Spinal Tap in "This Is Spinal Tap", a 1984 American mockumentary film.
  • The picture in the article is of Tony Hendra, (10 July 1941 – 4 March 2021) who was an English satirist and writer who worked mostly in the United States. He starred in the film This Is Spinal Tap as the band's manager Ian Faith.
  • The YouTube video below "Smell the Glove by Spinal Tap" gives background information about the title of the article by Bob Horning above. 
  • The article above mentions the following people:
    • Matt Levine (born 1978) is a columnist for Bloomberg News covering finance and business.
    • Jim Simons (April 25, 1938 – May 10, 2024) was an American hedge fund manager, mathematician, and philanthropist.  At the time of his death, Simons' net worth was estimated to be $31.4 billion, making him the 51st-richest person in the world.
  • The video below has been compiled by Maggie.  This video provides additional information on the topic.

  Some questions for discussion:

  • Is the fact that Jim Simons became rich a proof that this mathematical method is superior to the analytical? 
  • The market is irrational as it is. This approach smells like religion and grand scale manipulation.  If many people use his method, wouldn’t this distort the market, like with the GameStop
  • If one adds AI, which can find the patterns, but also makes the decisions for humans, what's the point of humans?
  • Does the use of data as described in the article spell the end of epistemology, rational thinking, critical thinking, and science?
Smell the Glove by Spinal Tap by SpinalTapFan01

Critical Thinking Exercises

  Some critical thinking exercises are available on the following: Philosophy Department, University of Hong Kong Critical Thinking Web http...